Main menu

Interplanetary Missions Engineering

HomeTechnologyInterplanetary Missions Engineering

Moon Exploration

Lunar Spacecraft

6U CUBESAT SATELLITE

6U CubeSat satellite

LUNAR SPACECRAFT
Interplanetary Missions Engineering

DESCRIPTION

6U CubeSat, injected into the circumlunar orbit as the piggyback payload on one of the scheduled lunar missions, accommodates up to 2U payload to solve the mission-oriented tasks (imager, polarimeter or radiometer).

SATELLITE BASIC SPECIFICATIONS

  Satellite mass, kg  no more 14 
Power supply
system capacity, W
  average 60-65
  peak up to 130
Accuracy of the angular attitude, º  0.5
Accuracy
of the angular stabilization, º/s 
 0.005
Active lifetime, years  1
12U CUBESAT SATELLITE

12U CubeSat satellite

LUNAR SPACECRAFT
Interplanetary Missions Engineering

DESCRIPTION

12U CubeSat accomplishes solo flight to the circumlunar orbit from GTO, accommodating up to 4U payload to solve the mission-oriented tasks or serves as orbital transport module to deliver the payload to the circumlunar orbit or interplanetary trajectories.

SATELLITE BASIC SPECIFICATIONS

  Satellite mass, kg:  no more 20
Power supply system
capacity, W
  average 180 – 200
  peak up to 230
  Main propulsion system:
  working medium Iodine
  thrust, N 2× 1.24·10-3
  total impulse, N·s 2× 3.7·104
Accuracy of angular attitude, º  0.5
Accuracy of angular
stabilization, º/s 
 0.005
  Active lifetime, years 3

Lunar lander family

LIGHTWEIGHT LUNAR LANDER

Light-
weight lunar
lander

LUNAR LANDER FAMILY
Interplanetary Missions Engineering

DESCRIPTION

The lightweight lander will deliver research equipment or a lightweight lunar rover to the surface of the Moon and carry out the lunar surface research at a landing site.

The lander can deliver a 50-kg payload to the lunar surface and transmit information received by the research equipment on Earth.

The lunar lander is based on the RD840 main engine.

The lander will be operational on the lunar surface for no less than 14 days.

FLYING LUNAR LANDER

Flying
lunar
lander

LUNAR LANDER FAMILY
Interplanetary Missions Engineering

DESCRIPTION

The flying lunar lander designed by Yuzhnoye State Design Office will be used for commercial operation and research of the lunar surface at several sites in a single expedition.

The lander can deliver a 50-kg payload (scientific instrumentation) to the lunar surface, carry out research at the landing site, then take off and fly to a new site on the lunar surface.

In total, the lander can support research at up to three sites on the lunar surface, spaced about 20 km apart. The lander can visit two different sites (with a total of three soft landings).

The lander can deliver scientific instrumentation weighing up to 150 kg to the lunar surface without further flights to new areas.

The lunar lander is based on the RD840 main engine.

The lander will be operational on the lunar surface for 14 days from the landing.

MEDIUM-WEIGHT LUNAR LANDER

Medium-weight
lunar lander

LUNAR LANDER FAMILY
Interplanetary Missions Engineering

DESCRIPTION

A medium-weight lunar lander will deliver to the lunar surface the experimental equipment, mobile laboratories, cargo for the Lunar Base, etc.

The medium-weight lunar lender can be expendable or reusable.

The expendable version can deliver payloads from geotransfer or translunar orbit to the lunar surface.

The reusable version can deliver payloads from a circumlunar orbital station to the Lunar Base on the surface and return the lander to the orbital station.

The lander includes the RD860M main engine developed by Yuzhnoye State Design Office.

The lander will be operational on the lunar surface for no less than 14 days.

HEAVY LUNAR LANDER

Heavy
lunar lander

LUNAR LANDER FAMILY
Interplanetary Missions Engineering

DESCRIPTION

The heavy lunar lander will deliver the delivery transport and the universal module to the lunar surface.

The universal design of the heavy lunar lander will accommodate delivery of both the Lunar Base modules and other payloads weighing up to 10 tons and manned vehicles.

Line of research rovers

LINE OF RESEARCH ROVERS

Line of
research rovers

DESCRIPTION

Features of the line of research rovers:

  Increased terrain crossing capacity;
 Chassis adapted to the road terrain;
 Reconnaissance rover capable of returning to working condition after loss of balance or capsizing;
 Independent recovery of the rover wheels stuck in the ground;
 High speed;
 Adaptation to the terrain slopes;
Interplanetary Missions Engineering
The reconnaissance rover is designed to take photos and videos of the surface and support laser spectrometry studies.
The rover curb weight is 50 kg.
The recon rover is delivered to the lunar surface by the flying lunar lander.
After exploring one area, the recon rover can be relocated to another area by the flying lunar lander. The rover’s high speed and relocation capability allows speeding up the scientific research.
Interplanetary Missions Engineering
The exploration rover is designed to investigate steep mountain slopes, craters and caves using photo and video cameras, as well as laser spectrometers located on isolated carts.
The rover curb weight is 150 kg.
The exploration rover is delivered to the lunar surface by the flying lunar lander.
Interplanetary Missions Engineering
The geologic rover is designed for geological survey, mainly by drilling wells and extracting samples of regolith from different depths.
The rover curb weight is 600 kg.
The survey can be carried out on the terrain with slopes of up to 10º.
The geologic rover is delivered to the lunar surface by the medium-weight lunar lander.

Moon Colonization

Space Transport System

Super-heavy LVs
Interplanetary Missions Engineering

launch vehicles
Mayak-SH5,
Mayak-SH7

EARTH REMOTE SENSING SPACECRAFT

DESCRIPTION

The Mayak-SH5 and Mayak-SH7 space launch systems are designed for lifting the large-size spacecraft and components of orbital infrastructure, including those of lunar transportation systems, to near-earth orbits.

Burning liquid oxygen and kerosene, the Mayak-SH5 and Mayak-SH7 launch vehicles have serial staging and the design of the Mayak-S3.9 medium-lift launch vehicle enhanced with, respectively, 4 and 6 boosters whose structure is derived from the first stage of Mayak-S3.9. If necessary, these launch vehicles can have a booster for ascending directly to the trajectories towards the Moon and Mars, or a space tug for getting to lunar and near-Mars orbits.

The Mayak-SH5 and Mayak-SH7 launch vehicles operate the RD815 propulsion system in the first stage and the RD872 propulsion system in the second stage, both propulsion systems being developed by Yuzhnoye.

The launch vehicles have a payload fairing 6.2 m in diameter and 25 m long, made of a carbon fiber reinforced polymers. If required, a larger payload fairing can be provided.

SATELLITE BASIC SPECIFICATIONS

  Launch vehicle Mayak-SH-5  Mayak-SH-7 
  Liftoff mass not including
the payload, t
 2 246 3 101
  Diameter of stages
(fairing), m
 3.9 (6.2) 3.9 (6.2)
  Propellants LOX+kerosene  LOX+kerosene 
  Launch vehicle height, m  80 80
  Stage 1 and booster
propulsion
 15×RD815 21×RD815
  Stage 2 propulsion RD872 RD872
  Liftoff thrust, tf 3 769.8 5 277.72
  Maximum payload
to orbit, t
  – circular orbit
(Нcirc=200 km, i=51.6°)
 94 133
  – lunar trajectory 30* 40*

* using a specially designed booster

LUNAR BOOST STAGE (LBS)

Lunar boost stage (LBS)

SPACE TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Interplanetary Missions Engineering

DESCRIPTION

The boost stage accelerates the transportation system up to the speed required to reach the Moon.

The boost stage is based on two RD809K engines.

SPECIFICATIONS

  LBS liftoff weight
(with payload), tons
 92.6
  Stage propellants  LOX
+ kerosene 
  Main engine nominal
vacuum thrust, tnf
 2×10
  Engine nominal vacuum
specific impulse, s
 352
  Stage length × diameter, m  15.5×3.9
  Payload mass delivered
to translunar trajectory, tons 
 30.5
LUNAR BOOST TUG

Lunar boost tug

SPACE TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Interplanetary Missions Engineering

DESCRIPTION

The lunar boost tug (LBT) corrects the trajectory and supports entry into lunar orbit.

The tug is based on the RD861K engine.

SPECIFICATIONS

  LBT liftoff weight
(with payload), tons
 30.5
  Stage propellants  NTO+UDMH
  Main engine nominal
vacuum thrust, tnf
 7.9
  Engine nominal vacuum
specific impulse, s
 330
  Stage length × diameter, m  2.5×3.9
  Payload mass delivered
to lunar orbit, tons
 21.3
LANDING PLATFORM

Landing
platform

SPACE TRANSPORT SYSTEM

DESCRIPTION

The landing platform will deliver the Lunar Base components (unmanned mission configuration) and the lunar cockpit (manned mission configuration) from a lunar circular orbit to the lunar surface, ensuring their soft landing.

Interplanetary Missions Engineering

UNMANNED MISSIONS CONFIGURATION

SPECIFICATIONS

  Propulsion system, tons  0.3
  Control, measurement,
power supply,
navigation, communication,
temperature control,
landing systems, tons
 0.4
  Structure, tons  0.7
  Propellant, tons  8.6
  Total, tons  10
  Payload mass delivered
to lunar orbit, tons
 21.3
Interplanetary Missions Engineering

UNMANNED MISSIONS CONFIGURATION

SPECIFICATIONS

  Propulsion system, tons  0.2
  Control, measurement,
power supply,
navigation, communication,
temperature control,
landing systems, tons
 0.5
  Structure, tons  0.2
  Propellant, tons  5
  Total, tons  5.9
SUPPLY SPACECRAFT

Supply spacecraft

SPACE TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Interplanetary Missions Engineering

DESCRIPTION

The delivery transport is designed for periodic delivery to the Lunar Base of consumable supplies, equipment, tools, and spare parts, that is, everything that will be required but cannot be obtained from local resources.

Also, the transport can supply cargo from lunar orbit for landing expeditions in the desired areas (not related to the activities of the Lunar Base personnel).
The transport will be derived from the universal module using its body, antiradiation and antimeteor protection, and service systems. This standardization will reduce the cost of the transport development and building.

The transport will be delivered to the Moon by the heavy lunar lander.

UNIVERSAL (RESIDENTIAL AND AIRLOCK) MODULE

Universal module

SPACE TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Interplanetary Missions Engineering

DESCRIPTION

The universal (residential and airlock) module will support the astronauts’ stay on the Moon and their work on the lunar surface, including while building the Base or participating in non-related expeditions.

Arriving on the Moon in a manned spacecraft, switching to the universal module and staying in it for a sufficiently long time (at least a month), the astronauts could make a sufficient number of exits to the lunar surface to conduct scientific research or build the Lunar Base.

The module has two tiers (floors). The ground floor accommodates an airlock, airlock equipment, supplies for exits to the lunar surface, service equipment and systems. The top floor houses the residential compartment, service equipment and systems, supplies for the crew during their stay on the Moon, and other systems.

The module is delivered to the Moon by the heavy lunar lander.

Lunar Roving Vehicles

SELF-PROPELLED MODULAR PLATFORM

Self-propelled modular platform

LUNAR ROVING VEHICLES
Interplanetary Missions Engineering

Basic vehicle

Interplanetary Missions Engineering

Self-propelled modular platform

Interplanetary Missions Engineering
Interplanetary Missions Engineering
Interplanetary Missions Engineering

Self-propelled modular platform with different attached implements

DESCRIPTION

The universal (residential and airlock) module will support the astronauts’ stay on the Moon and their work on the lunar surface, including while building the Base or participating in non-related expeditions.

Arriving on the Moon in a manned spacecraft, switching to the universal module and staying in it for a sufficiently long time (at least a month), the astronauts could make a sufficient number of exits to the lunar surface to conduct scientific research or build the Lunar Base.

The module has two tiers (floors). The ground floor accommodates an airlock, airlock equipment, supplies for exits to the lunar surface, service equipment and systems. The top floor houses the residential compartment, service equipment and systems, supplies for the crew during their stay on the Moon, and other systems.

The module is delivered to the Moon by the heavy lunar lander.

SPECIFICATIONS

Type Overall view of the module Curb weight, tonsCarrying capacity, tons
Fixed wheel
module
m ~2.6 m
Castor wheel
module
m ~1.4 m

The dimensions, curb weight, and carrying capacity of one module are defined based on the SMP objective, taking into account the above ratio.
Lines of modules of different standard sizes can be created.

SPECIFICATIONS

Type 
 
Overall view of the module 
 
Curb weight, kg
with wheel diameter, m

Carrying capacity, kg
0.20.080.80.20.080.8
Dedicated SMP
for research
missions
~50~10~100 ~25
Universal SMP
for cargo
transportation,
lifting and
construction
(two modules)
~40 ~8 ~2000~80 ~16 ~4000
Universal SMP
(four modules)
~80 ~16 ~4000 ~160 ~30 ~8000
ROBOCAR

Robocar for
handling
and soil
excavation

LUNAR ROVING VEHICLES
Interplanetary Missions Engineering

Robocar

Interplanetary Missions Engineering

Robocar with a drill

Interplanetary Missions Engineering

Dump truck

Interplanetary Missions Engineering

Astronaut’s assistant

Examples of robocar based vehicles

DESCRIPTION

The robocar is a concept of equipment and a method of handling and soil excavation on the lunar surface, which allows performing this work to support research, production, geological exploration and tourism in the context of the Lunar Base.

The basis for handling and soil excavation equipment is a two-wheeled single-axle trolley with vertical lifters, automatic docking devices and manipulators (i.e. a robocar).

Together with selected support equipment (device), a pair of robocars forms an articulated mobile device, easily adaptable to a local terrain profile and capable of moving along an inclined surface and, if required, improving its cross-country capacity.

Handling and soil excavation performed according to the analyzed concept of equipment and method of implementation can significantly reduce the weight of equipment delivered to the Moon, labor intensity, time and cost of the work.

Handling and soil excavation equipment designed to operate in the vicinity of the Lunar Base can support the following basic operations:

  Moving at a specified speed
  Offloading, transportation, tilting and installation of bulky and large-tonnage cargo delivered by the landing platform
  Delivery of the landing platform to the storage or processing site
  Lifting, lowering and moving of small cargos
  Operations with a mechanical manipulator.

LUNAR BASE POWER SUPPLY

SOLAR POWER PLANT

Solar power
plant

LUNAR BASE POWER SUPPLY
Interplanetary Missions Engineering

Solar power plant sketch

DESCRIPTION

The solar power plant (SPP) will provide power to the Lunar Base. The SPP is a source of electric power generated by direct conversion of solar energy.

The SPP consists of individual same-type solar panels (modules) operating in parallel. Each module consists of an array of photovoltaic converters based on gallium arsenide (GaAs) heterostructures.

Because electric power can be generated only when the solar panels receive sufficient sunlight, the SPP also includes an energy storage device. When there is enough direct sunlight, the primary power source (solar panels) sends part of the power to a consumer and stores part of the power in the storage device. During the orbital eclipse period, i.e. when there is no direct sunlight, it is the storage device that sends energy to the consumer. Lithium-ion batteries and/or regenerative power plants based on electrochemical generators and an electrolyzer can be such a storage device.

Using the solar power plant has both advantages and disadvantages.

The advantages include:

  Wide application of space-qualified power plants based on solar batteries,
  Generation of electric power without consumption of any materials and zero waste generation,
  Long service life.

The disadvantages include:

  High cost of development, manufacture and delivery to the Moon,
  Relatively high risk of damage due to external factors such as meteorites and moonquakes,
  Degradation of the characteristics of the photoconverters due to exposure to radiation, especially during solar flares.

SPECIFICATIONS

Power plant output power, kW :
  – typical mode
(lunar day)

10
  – sleep mode
(lunar night)
1-2
  – adaptive mode
(lunar sunsets and sunrises)
1-10
Solar panels
(Sun-oriented):
  – area, m2;100
  – weight, kg480
Mass of the
electrochemical generator,
including propellant mass
(60 kg of hydrogen and
540 kg of oxygen),
to generate 1 kW/h, kg
2000
Weight of chemical batteries
(backup power supply), kg 
820
Total SPP mass, kg4110

Moon Exploration

Lunar Spacecraft

CUBESAT 6U SATELLITE

CubeSat 6U satellite

LUNAR SPACECRAFT

DESCRIPTION

CubeSat 6U, injected into the circumlunar orbit as the piggyback payload on one of the scheduled lunar missions, accommodates up to 2U payload to solve the mission-oriented tasks (imager, polarimeter or radiometer).

SATELLITE BASIC SPECIFICATIONS

 

  Satellite mass, kgno more 14
  Power supply system capacity, W
  average60 – 65
  peakup to 130
  Accuracy of the angular attitude, º0.5
  Accuracy of the angular stabilization, º/s0.005
  Active lifetime, years
Self Portrait
CUBESAT 12U SATELLITE

CubeSat 12U satellite

LUNAR SPACECRAFT

DESCRIPTION

CubeSat 12U accomplishes solo flight to the circumlunar orbit from GTO, accommodating up to 4U payload to solve the mission-oriented tasks or serves as orbital transport module to deliver the payload to the circumlunar orbit or interplanetary trajectories.

SATELLITE BASIC SPECIFICATIONS

 

  Satellite mass, kgno more 20
  Power supply system capacity, W
  average80 – 200
  peakup to 230
  Main propulsion system:
  working mediumIodine
  thrust, N2× 1.24·10-3
  total impulse, N•s2× 3.7·104
  Accuracy of angular attitude, º0.5
  Accuracy of angular stabilization, º/s0.005
  Active lifetime, years
3
Self Portrait

Lunar landers family

LIGHT-CLASS LUNAR LANDER

Lightweight lunar
lander

LUNAR LANDER FAMILY

DESCRIPTION

The lightweight lander will deliver research equipment or a lightweight lunar rover to the surface of the Moon and carry out the lunar surface research at a landing site.

The lander can deliver a 50-kg payload to the lunar surface and transmit information received by the research equipment on Earth.

The lunar lander is based on the RD840 main engine.

The lander will be operational on the lunar surface for no less than 14 days.

Self Portrait
FLYING LUNAR LANDER

Flying lunar lander

LUNAR LANDER FAMILY

DESCRIPTION

The flying lunar lander designed by Yuzhnoye State Design Office will be used for commercial operation and research of the lunar surface at several sites in a single expedition.

The lander can deliver a 50-kg payload (scientific instrumentation) to the lunar surface, carry out research at the landing site, then take off and fly to a new site on the lunar surface.

In total, the lander can support research at up to three sites on the lunar surface, spaced about 20 km apart. The lander can visit two different sites (with a total of three soft landings).

The lander can deliver scientific instrumentation weighing up to 150 kg to the lunar surface without further flights to new areas.

The lunar lander is based on the RD840 main engine.

The lander will be operational on the lunar surface for 14 days from the landing.

Self Portrait
MEDIUM-CLASS LUNAR LANDER

Medium-weight
lunar lander

LUNAR LANDER FAMILY

DESCRIPTION

A medium-weight lunar lander will deliver to the lunar surface the experimental equipment, mobile laboratories, cargo for the Lunar Base, etc.

The medium-weight lunar lender can be expendable or reusable.

The expendable version can deliver payloads from geotransfer or translunar orbit to the lunar surface.

The reusable version can deliver payloads from a circumlunar orbital station to the Lunar Base on the surface and return the lander to the orbital station.

The lander includes the RD860M main engine developed by Yuzhnoye State Design Office.

The lander will be operational on the lunar surface for no less than 14 days.

Self Portrait
HEAVY-CLASS LUNAR LANDER

Heavy lunar lander

LUNAR LANDER FAMILY

DESCRIPTION

The heavy lunar lander will deliver the delivery transport and the universal module to the lunar surface.

The universal design of the heavy lunar lander will accommodate delivery of both the Lunar Base modules and other payloads weighing up to 10 tons and manned vehicles.

Self Portrait

Line of research rovers

LINE OF RESEARCH ROVERS

Line of research rovers

LUNAR LANDER FAMILY

DESCRIPTION

Features of the line of research rovers:

  Increased terrain crossing capacity
 Chassis adapted to the road terrain
 Reconnaissance rover capable of returning to working condition after loss of balance or capsizing
 Independent recovery of the rover wheels stuck in the ground 
 High speed
 Adaptation to the terrain slopes.

The reconnaissance rover is designed to take photos and videos of the surface and support laser spectrometry studies.

The rover curb weight is 50 kg.

The recon rover is delivered to the lunar surface by the flying lunar lander.

After exploring one area, the recon rover can be relocated to another area by the flying lunar lander. The rover’s high speed and relocation capability allows speeding up the scientific research.

The exploration rover is designed to investigate steep mountain slopes, craters and caves using photo and video cameras, as well as laser spectrometers located on isolated carts.

The rover curb weight is 150 kg. The exploration rover is delivered to the lunar surface by the flying lunar lander.

The geologic rover is designed for geological survey, mainly by drilling wells and extracting samples of regolith from different depths.

The rover curb weight is 600 kg.

The survey can be carried out on the terrain with slopes of up to 10º.

The geologic rover is delivered to the lunar surface by the medium-weight lunar lander.

Self Portrait
Self Portrait
Self Portrait

Moon Colonization

Space Transport System

Super-heavy LVs

Launch vehicles Mayak-SH5 and Mayak-SH7

Space Transport System

DESCRIPTION

The Mayak-SH5 and Mayak-SH7 space launch systems are designed for lifting the large-size spacecraft and components of orbital infrastructure, including those of lunar transportation systems, to near-earth orbits.

Burning liquid oxygen and kerosene, the Mayak-SH5 and Mayak-SH7 launch vehicles have serial staging and the design of the Mayak-S3.9 medium-lift launch vehicle enhanced with, respectively, 4 and 6 boosters whose structure is derived from the first stage of Mayak-S3.9. If necessary, these launch vehicles can have a booster for ascending directly to the trajectories towards the Moon and Mars, or a space tug for getting to lunar and near-Mars orbits.

The Mayak-SH5 and Mayak-SH7 launch vehicles operate the RD815 propulsion system in the first stage and the RD872 propulsion system in the second stage, both propulsion systems being developed by Yuzhnoye.

The launch vehicles have a payload fairing 6.2 m in diameter and 25 m long, made of a carbon fiber reinforced polymers. If required, a larger payload fairing can be provided.

SPECIFICATIONS

  Launch vehicleMayak-SH-5Mayak-SH-7
  Liftoff mass not including
the payload, t
2 2463 101
  Diameter of stages (fairing), m3.9 (6.2)3.9 (6.2)
  PropellantsLOX+keroseneLOX+kerosene
  Launch vehicle height, m8080
  Stage 1 and booster propulsion15×RD81521×RD815
  Stage 2 propulsionRD872RD872
  Liftoff thrust, tf3 769.85 277.72
  Maximum payload to orbit, t
  – circular orbit (Нcirc=200 km, i=51.6°)94133
  – lunar trajectory30*40*

* using a specially designed booster

LUNAR BOOSTER STAGE (LBS)

Lunar booster stage (LBS)

Space Transport System

DESCRIPTION

The boost stage accelerates the transportation system up to the speed required to reach the Moon. The boost stage is based on two RD809K engines.

SPECIFICATIONS

  LBS liftoff weight (with payload), tons92.6
  Stage propellantsLOX + kerosene
  Main engine nominal vacuum thrust, tnf2×10
  Engine nominal vacuum specific impulse, s352
  Stage length × diameter, m15.5×3.9
  Payload mass delivered to translunar trajectory, tons30.5
Self Portrait
CIRCUMLUNAR BOOSTER TUG

Circumlunar booster tug

Space Transport System

DESCRIPTION

The lunar boost tug (LBT) corrects the trajectory and supports entry into lunar orbit. The tug is based on the RD861K engine.

SPECIFICATIONS

  LBT liftoff weight (with payload), tons30.5
  Stage propellantsNTO+UDMH
  Main engine nominal vacuum thrust, tnf7.9
  Engine nominal vacuum specific impulse, s330
  Stage length × diameter, m2.5×3.9
  Payload mass delivered to lunar orbit, tons21.3
Self Portrait
LANDING PLATFORM

Landing platform

Space Transport System

DESCRIPTION

The landing platform will deliver the Lunar Base components (unmanned mission configuration) and the lunar cockpit (manned mission configuration) from a lunar circular orbit to the lunar surface, ensuring their soft landing.

UNMANNED MISSIONS CONFIGURATION

SPECIFICATIONS

Propulsion system, tons0.3
Control, measurement, power supply, navigation,
communication, temperature control, landing systems, tons
0.4
Structure, tons0.7
Propellant, tons8.6
Total, tons10
Interplanetary Missions Engineering
Interplanetary Missions Engineering

MANNED MISSIONS CONFIGURATION

SPECIFICATIONS

Propulsion system, tons0.2
Control, measurement, power supply, navigation,
communication, temperature control, landing systems, tons
0.5
Structure, tons0.2
Propellant, tons5
Total, tons5.9
Interplanetary Missions Engineering
SUPPLY SPACECRAFT

Supply spacecraft

Space Transport System

DESCRIPTION

The delivery transport is designed for periodic delivery to the Lunar Base of consumable supplies, equipment, tools, and spare parts, that is, everything that will be required but cannot be obtained from local resources.

Also, the transport can supply cargo from lunar orbit for landing expeditions in the desired areas (not related to the activities of the Lunar Base personnel).
The transport will be derived from the universal module using its body, antiradiation and antimeteor protection, and service systems. This standardization will reduce the cost of the transport development and building.

The transport will be delivered to the Moon by the heavy lunar lander.

Interplanetary Missions Engineering
UNIVERSAL (RESIDENTIAL AND AIRLOCK) MODULE

Universal module

Space Transport System

DESCRIPTION

The universal (residential and airlock) module will support the astronauts’ stay on the Moon and their work on the lunar surface, including while building the Base or participating in non-related expeditions.

Arriving on the Moon in a manned spacecraft, switching to the universal module and staying in it for a sufficiently long time (at least a month), the astronauts could make a sufficient number of exits to the lunar surface to conduct scientific research or build the Lunar Base.

The module has two tiers (floors). The ground floor accommodates an airlock, airlock equipment, supplies for exits to the lunar surface, service equipment and systems. The top floor houses the residential compartment, service equipment and systems, supplies for the crew during their stay on the Moon, and other systems.

The module is delivered to the Moon by the heavy lunar lander.

Interplanetary Missions Engineering

Lunar Roving Vehicles

SELF-PROPELLED MODULAR PLATFORM

Self-propelled modular platform

LUNAR ROVING VEHICLES

DESCRIPTION

The self-propelled modular platform (SMP) is a basic transport vehicle with attached implements to support cargo transportation, as well as construction, assembly, installation and handling work on the surface of various celestial bodies (Moon, Mars, Earth …).

The advantage of building the transportation system based on the self-propelled modular platform equipped with replaceable functional equipment lies in the capability to meet a wider range of challenges with a smaller number of transport vehicles, increasing the intensity and efficiency of using each vehicle. Building the SMP from universal basic modules allows changing the vehicle characteristics within a wide range, ensuring redundancy of the principal functions and systems.

The self-propelled modular platform with an increased carrying capacity is a structure assembled from rigidly interconnected standardized modules, which provides a capability to change the configuration in terms of the number of modules depending on the cargo.

Interplanetary Missions Engineering

Basic vehicle

Interplanetary Missions Engineering

Self-propelled modular platform

Interplanetary Missions Engineering

Self-propelled modular platform with different attached implements

SPECIFICATIONS

Type Overall view of the module Curb weight, tonsCarrying capacity, tons
Fixed wheel module m ~2.6 m
Castor wheel modulem ~1.4 m

The dimensions, curb weight, and carrying capacity of one module are defined based on the SMP objective, taking into account the above ratio.
Lines of modules of different standard sizes can be created.

SPECIFICATIONS

Type 
 
Overall view of the module 
 
Curb weight, kg
with wheel diameter, m

Carrying capacity, kg
0.20.080.80.20.080.8
Dedicated SMP  for research missions~50~10~100 ~25
Universal SMP for cargo transportation, lifting and construction (two modules)~40 ~8 ~2000~80 ~16 ~4000
Universal SMP (four modules)~80 ~16 ~4000 ~160 ~30 ~8000
ROBOCAR

Robocar for handling and soil excavation

LUNAR ROVING VEHICLES

DESCRIPTION

The robocar is a concept of equipment and a method of handling and soil excavation on the lunar surface, which allows performing this work to support research, production, geological exploration and tourism in the context of the Lunar Base.

The basis for handling and soil excavation equipment is a two-wheeled single-axle trolley with vertical lifters, automatic docking devices and manipulators (i.e. a robocar).

Together with selected support equipment (device), a pair of robocars forms an articulated mobile device, easily adaptable to a local terrain profile and capable of moving along an inclined surface and, if required, improving its cross-country capacity.

Handling and soil excavation performed according to the analyzed concept of equipment and method of implementation can significantly reduce the weight of equipment delivered to the Moon, labor intensity, time and cost of the work.

Handling and soil excavation equipment designed to operate in the vicinity of the Lunar Base can support the following basic operations:

  Moving at a specified speed
  Offloading, transportation, tilting and installation of bulky and large-tonnage cargo delivered by the landing platform
  Delivery of the landing platform to the storage or processing site
  Lifting, lowering and moving of small cargos
  Operations with a mechanical manipulator.

Interplanetary Missions Engineering

Robocar

Interplanetary Missions Engineering

Robocar with a drill

Interplanetary Missions Engineering

Dump truck

Interplanetary Missions Engineering

Astronaut’s assistant

Examples of robocar based vehicles

LUNAR BASE POWER SUPPLY

SOLAR POWER PLANT

Solar power plant

LUNAR BASE POWER SUPPLY

DESCRIPTION

The solar power plant (SPP) will provide power to the Lunar Base. The SPP is a source of electric power generated by direct conversion of solar energy.

The SPP consists of individual same-type solar panels (modules) operating in parallel. Each module consists of an array of photovoltaic converters based on gallium arsenide (GaAs) heterostructures.

Because electric power can be generated only when the solar panels receive sufficient sunlight, the SPP also includes an energy storage device. When there is enough direct sunlight, the primary power source (solar panels) sends part of the power to a consumer and stores part of the power in the storage device. During the orbital eclipse period, i.e. when there is no direct sunlight, it is the storage device that sends energy to the consumer. Lithium-ion batteries and/or regenerative power plants based on electrochemical generators and an electrolyzer can be such a storage device.

Using the solar power plant has both advantages and disadvantages.

The advantages include:

  Wide application of space-qualified power plants based on solar batteries,
  Generation of electric power without consumption of any materials and zero waste generation,
  Long service life.

The disadvantages include:

  High cost of development, manufacture and delivery to the Moon,
  Relatively high risk of damage due to external factors such as meteorites and moonquakes,
  Degradation of the characteristics of the photoconverters due to exposure to radiation, especially during solar flares.

SPECIFICATIONS

Power plant output power, kW :
  – typical mode (lunar day)10
  – sleep mode (lunar night)1-2
  – adaptive mode (lunar sunsets and sunrises)1-10
Solar panels (Sun-oriented): 
  – area, m2100
  – weight, kg480
Mass of the electrochemical generator, including propellant mass (60 kg of hydrogen and 540 kg of oxygen), to generate 1 kW/h, kg2000
Weight of chemical batteries (backup power supply), kg8200
Total SPP mass, kg4110
Interplanetary Missions Engineering

Solar power plant sketch

Contacts

3, Kryvorizka Street
DNIPRO, 49008, UKRAINE

Sign Up For Newsletters

Don’t miss Yuzhnoye SDO latest news and events

Contacts

3, Krivorozhskaya Street
DNIPRO, 49008, UKRAINE

Sign Up For Newsletters

Don’t miss Yuzhnoye SDO latest news and events

© Yuzhnoye State Design Office. 1995 –2024. All rights reserved. When citing materials, link to the site is required.

© Yuzhnoye State Design Office. 1995 –2024. All rights reserved. When citing materials, link to the site is required.